In 1758, Carl Linnaeus gave the great white shark its first scientific name, Squalus carcharias. Later, Sir Andrew Smith gave it Carcharodon as its generic name in 1833, and also in 1873. The generic name was identified with Linnaeus' specific name and the current scientific name, Carcharodon carcharias, was finalized. Carcharodon comes from the Greek words karcharos, which means sharp or jagged, and odous, which means tooth.[17]


A 4-cm-tall fossil C. carcharias tooth from Miocene sediments in the Atacama Desert of Chile
Ancestry and fossil record
The great white shark came into existence during the mid-Miocene epoch. The earliest known fossils of the great white shark are about 16 million years old.[1] However, the phylogeny of the great white is still in dispute. The original hypothesis for the great white's origins is that it shares a common ancestor with a prehistoric shark, such as the C. megalodon. C. megalodon had teeth that were superficially not too dissimilar with those of great white sharks, but its teeth were far larger. Although cartilaginous skeletons do not fossilize, C. megalodon is estimated to have been considerably larger than the great white shark, estimated at up to 17 m (56 ft) and 59,413 kg (130,983 lb).[18] Similarities among the physical remains and the extreme size of both the great white and C. megalodon led many scientists to believe these sharks were closely related, and the name Carcharodon megalodon was applied to the latter. However, a new hypothesis proposes that the C. megalodon and the great white are distant relatives (albeit sharing the family Lamnidae). The great white is also more closely related to an ancient mako shark, Isurus hastalis, than to the C. megalodon, a theory that seems to be supported with the discovery of a complete set of jaws with 222 teeth and 45 vertebrae of the extinct transitional species Carcharodon hubbelli in 1988 and published on 14 November 2012.[19] In addition, the new hypothesis assigns C. megalodon to the genus Carcharocles, which also comprises the other megatoothed sharks; Otodus obliquus is the ancient representative of the extinct Carcharocles lineage.[20]

Distribution and habitat

Great white shark off Guadalupe Island, Mexico
Great white sharks live in almost all coastal and offshore waters which have water temperature between 12 and 24 °C (54 and 75 °F), with greater concentrations in the United States (Northeast and California), South Africa, Japan, Oceania, Chile, and the Mediterranean.[21] One of the densest known populations is found around Dyer Island, South Africa, where almost all of the shark research is done.

The great white is an epipelagic fish, observed mostly in the presence of rich game, such as fur seals (Arctocephalus ssp.), sea lions, cetaceans, other sharks, and large bony fish species. In the open ocean, it has been recorded at depths as great as 1,200 m (3,900 ft).[22] These findings challenge the traditional notion that the great white is a coastal species.[22]

According to a recent study, California great whites have migrated to an area between Baja California Peninsula and Hawaii known as the White Shark Café to spend at least 100 days before migrating back to Baja. On the journey out, they swim slowly and dive down to around 900 m (3,000 ft). After they arrive, they change behavior and do short dives to about 300 m (1,000 ft) for up to ten minutes. Another white shark that was tagged off of the South African coast swam to the southern coast of Australia and back within the year. A similar study tracked a different great white shark from South Africa swimming to Australia's northwestern coast and back, a journey of 20,000 km (12,000 mi; 11,000 nmi) in under nine months.[23] These observations argue against traditional theories that white sharks are coastal territorial predators, and open up the possibility of interaction between shark populations that were previously thought to have been discrete. The reasons for their migration and what they do at their destination is still unknown. Possibilities include seasonal feeding or mating.[24]

Anatomy and appearance

Great white shark's skeleton
The great white shark has a robust, large, conical snout. The upper and lower lobes on the tail fin are approximately the same size which is similar to some mackerel sharks. A great white displays countershading, by having a white underside and a grey dorsal area (sometimes in a brown or blue shade) that gives an overall mottled appearance. The coloration makes it difficult for prey to spot the shark because it breaks up the shark's outline when seen from the side. From above, the darker shade blends with the sea and from below it exposes a minimal silhouette against the sunlight. Great white sharks, like many other sharks, have rows of serrated teeth behind the main ones, ready to replace any that break off. When the shark bites, it shakes its head side-to-side, helping the teeth saw off large chunks of flesh.[25]

Size

Specimen caught off Cuba in 1945 which was allegedly 6.4 m (21 ft) long and weighed an estimated 3,175 kg (7,000 lb).[26] Later studies proved this specimen to be of average maximum size, at around 4.9 m (16 ft) in length.[5]
In great white sharks, sexual dimorphism is present, females are generally larger than males. Male great whites on average measure 3.35–3.96 m (11.0–13.0 ft) long, while females at 4.57–4.88 m (15.0–16.0 ft).[6] Adults of this species weigh 522–771 kg (1,151–1,700 lb) on average,[27] however mature females can have an average a mass of 680–1,110 kg (1,500–2,450 lb).[5] The largest females have been verified up to 6.1 m (20 ft) in length and an estimated 1,950 kg (4,300 lb) in weight,[5][3][4] perhaps up to 2,268 kg (5,000 lb).[28] The maximum size is subject to debate because some reports are rough estimations or speculations performed under questionable circumstances.[29] Among living cartilaginous fish, only the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and the giant manta ray (Manta birostris), in that order, average larger and heavier. These three species are generally quite docile in disposition and given to passively filter-feeding on very small organisms.[27] This makes the great white shark the largest extant macropredatory fish. Great whites sharks are at around 1.2 m (3.9 ft) when born, and grow about 25 cm (9.8 in) each year.[30]

According to J. E. Randall, the largest white shark reliably measured was a 6.0 m (19.7 ft) individual reported from Ledge Point, Western Australia in 1987.[31] Another great white specimen of similar size has been verified by the Canadian Shark Research Center: A female caught by David McKendrick of Alberton, Prince Edward Island, in August 1988 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence off Prince Edward Island. This female great white was 6.1 m (20 ft) long.[5] However, there was a report considered reliable by some experts in the past, of a larger great white shark specimen from Cuba in 1945.[32][33][34][35] This specimen was 6.4 m (21 ft) long and had a body mass estimated at 3,324 kg (7,328 lb).[32][34] However, later studies also revealed that this particular specimen was actually around 4.9 m (16 ft) in length, a specimen in the average maximum size range.[5]

The largest great white recognized by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA) is one caught by Alf Dean in the south Australian waters in 1959, weighing 1,208 kg (2,663 lb).[29] Several larger great whites caught by anglers have since been verified, but were later disallowed from formal recognition by IGFA monitors for rules violations.

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knyte how much spare time do u have jeez

New Kids on the Block
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the band. For other uses, see New Kids on the Block (disambiguation).
New Kids on the Block
NKOTB 2008-11-06.jpg
New Kids on the Block in concert, November 2008
Background information
Also known as NKOTB
Origin Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Genres Pop, R&B, hip hop, blue-eyed soul
Years active 1984–94, 2008–present
Labels Columbia/CBS, Interscope
Associated acts Backstreet Boys, NKOTBSB, Lady Gaga, Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, Akon, Nicole Scherzinger, New Edition, Natasha Bedingfield, Ne-Yo, Boyz II Men, 98 Degrees, Nelly, TLC, Nick & Knight,
Website nkotb.com
Members
Jonathan Knight Jordan Knight Joey McIntyre Donnie Wahlberg Danny Wood


New Kids on the Block (also initialized as NKOTB) is an American boy band from Boston, Massachusetts. The band currently consists of brothers Jordan and Jonathan Knight, Joey McIntyre, Donnie Wahlberg, and Danny Wood. New Kids on the Block enjoyed success in the late 1980s and early 1990s and have sold more than 80 million records worldwide.[1] They won two American Music Awards in 1990 for Favorite Pop/Rock Band, Duo, or Group and Favorite Pop/Rock Album.[2] The group disbanded in 1994, after which several attempts were made to get the group back together, all of them unsuccessful.



History[edit]
1984–1985: Early career[edit]
In the early 1980s, Maurice Starr discovered R&B/pop quintet (later sextet) New Edition, and guided their early success. After breaking ties with them, Starr and his business partner, Mary Alford, sought to create a white counterpart act. 15-year-old Donnie Wahlberg immediately impressed Starr and Alford with his rapping skills, dancing ability and showmanship, becoming the group's first member. Wahlberg assisted in helping to recruit other members. Among them were his younger brother Mark and his best friend Danny Wood. He also coaxed one-time schoolmate Jordan Knight - who sang an exceptional falsetto - into auditioning for Starr as well. Upon Knight's passing the audition, his older brother Jonathan was accepted into the group as well.[7]

As the group began to take shape, Mark Wahlberg chose to quit before they started recording, and when a search was made to find a Michael Jackson-esque singer to fill the role, Starr replaced Mark with 12-year-old Joey McIntyre, whom the other guys initially resented for being the one to replace their friend. With the final line-up in place, Starr rehearsed the boys diligently, after school and on weekends, and eventually secured the group (which was being called Nynuk[8] a recording contract at Columbia Records. However, the label demanded Starr change the name of the group. Subsequently they settled on New Kids on the Block, after a rap song that Donnie Wahlberg had written and arranged for their first album.[7]



1988–1989: Hangin' Tough[edit]
Main article: Hangin' Tough
After the failure of the first album, Starr had the group back in the studio for most of 1987 and 1988 recording their second album. Dissatisfied with the excessively bubblegum sound of their first album, the group wanted to have more input on their look, direction and song material. As a result, Wahlberg, Wood and Jordan Knight received associate producer credit on the final product. The album's first single was "Please Don't Go Girl", a ballad released in the spring of 1988. Failure seemed destined a second time when the song became another that went unnoticed by the listening public, and Columbia Records made plans to drop the New Kids from the label. At the eleventh hour, however, a radio station in Florida began playing the song. Scoring listener approval, it soon became the most requested song on their play list. When Columbia caught wind of the positive response, they decided to keep the group on its roster and put more effort into promoting the single. Columbia decided to re-shoot a music video for "Please Don't Go Girl", hiring director Doug Nichol, and sent the video to thousands of radio stations across the country to show the group's visual appeal. National attention soon followed and "Please Don't Go Girl" eventually climbed to No. 10 on Billboard's Hot 100 Singles Chart—becoming the group's first hit.[9]


The Commonwealth of Massachusetts declared April 24, 1989, "New Kids on the Block Day".

1990: Step by Step[edit]
Main article: Step by Step (New Kids on the Block album)
By early 1990, New Kids on the Block had become one of the most popular acts in the United States.

Following the tour the group met up in New York to embark on the 6th annual NKOTB Cruise. Also, in the Spring of 2014 they announced a limited engagement in Las Vegas. The show titled New Kids On The Block After Dark ran for 4 consecutive nights from July 10–13, 2014 at The AXIS at Planet Hollywood.

On October 9, 2014, the group received their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[40]

In January 2015, the group announced they would be embarking on a summer tour called The Main Event, with the surviving members of TLC and Nelly.

Members[edit]
Current
Donnie Wahlberg (1984-1994, 2008-present)
Jordan Knight (1984-1994, 2008-present)
Joey McIntyre (1985-1994, 2008-present)
Jonathan Knight (1984-1994, 2008-present)
Danny Wood (1984-1994, 2008-present)
Former
Mark Wahlberg (1984)
Junior Members
Griffin McIntyre (2008-present)
Elijah Wahlberg (2008-present)
Discography[edit]
Main article: New Kids on the Block discography
Studio albums
New Kids on the Block (1986)
Hangin' Tough (1988)
Step by Step (1990)
Face the Music (1994)
The Block (2008)
10 (2013)
With Backstreet Boys
NKOTBSB[41][42] (2011)
Awards[edit]
Year Association Category Nominated work Result
1990 Grammy Awards Best Music Video, Long Form "Hangin' Tough" Nominated
1990 American Music Awards Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Won
Favorite Pop/Rock Album Hangin' Tough Won
1991 Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Devlin, Mike (2012-10-18). "New Kids on the Block's Jordan Knight is also happy still touring with his old bandmates". Times Colonist. Retrieved 2013-02-11.
Jump up ^ Mitchell, Claudia; Reid-Walsh, Jacqueline (2008). Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 453. ISBN 0-313-33908-2.
Jump up ^ "The Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments: New Kids on the Block - 1989". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
Jump up ^ "New Kids on the Block and Backstreet Boys Team Up for Tour". ET Online.
Jump up ^ "Times Square crowd awaits glitter ball; good riddance notes". Sify.com. 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
Jump up ^ "AFP: New York cheers in 2011". Google.com. 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Dougherty, Steve (1990-08-13). "The Heartthrobs of America". People. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
Jump up ^ Van Noy, Nikki (2012). "What's a Nynuk)?". New Kids on the Block: Five Brothers and a Million Sisters: The Authorized Biography. Simon & Schuster.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Artist Chart History - New Kids on the Block". billboard.com. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
Jump up ^ "Grammy Awards: Best Music Videos". Rock On The Net. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
Jump up ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (1990-10-22). "THE MEDIA BUSINESS; New Products Help to Bolster Music Sales". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas; Leahey, Andrew. "Artist Biography - New Kids on the Block". billboard.com. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
Jump up ^ Marshall, P. David (1997). Celebrity and Power: Fame in Contemporary Culture. U of Minnesota Press. p. 170. ISBN 0-8166-2725-8.
Jump up ^ Warner, Jay (2006). American Singing Groups: A History from 1940 to Today. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 529. ISBN 0-634-09978-7.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Meredith; Rodman, Sarah (2008-04-05). "Around the block again for New Kids, fans". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
Jump up ^ Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2003). All Music Guide to Hip-Hop: The Definitive Guide to Rap & Hip-Hop. Bush, John. Backbeat Books. p. 304. ISBN 0-87930-759-5.
Jump up ^ Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition. Simon and Schuster. p. 514. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
Jump up ^ Hochman, Steve (1992-02-06). "New Kids on the Block Let Singing Do the Talking". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-09.
Jump up ^ "New Kids on the Block". People. 1992-07-27. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Bronson, Fred (2003). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits: The Inside Story Behind Every Number One Single on Billboard's Hot 100 from 1955 to the Present. Billboard Books. p. 760. ISBN 0-8230-7677-6.


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Компании, предприятия, организации[править | править вики-текст]
«Россия» — шоколадная фабрика в Самаре.
«Россия» — российская страховая компания.
«Россия» — российское страховое общество (1881—1919)
«Россия» — акционерный банк (ОАО).
«Россия» — государственный центральный концертный зал (ГЦКЗ) в Москве.
«Россия» — колхоз в селе Большая Ольшанка Саратовской области, созданный во время Великой Отечественной войны.
«Россия» — российская авиакомпания, выполняющая полёты из Санкт-Петербурга.
«Россия» — специальный лётный отряд, обеспечивающий перевозку воздушным транспортом высших должностных лиц Российской Федерации.
Завод «Россия» — бывш. завод «Промет»; предприятие в Ленинграде—Санкт-Петербурге (до 2005 г.).
Транспорт[править | править вики-текст]

Теплоход «Россия», 1950 год
«Россия» — российский атомный ледокол типа «Арктика».
«Россия» — советский морской круизный пассажирский дизель-электроход.
«Россия» — проект 785, тип советских речных пассажирских дизель-электроходов.
«Россия» — проект 1877, тип советских речных пассажирских теплоходов класса люкс.
«Россия» — проект 301 «Владимир Ильич», тип советских речных пассажирских теплоходов класса люкс.
«Россия» — российская государственная авиакомпания (см. также ФГУАП «Пулково»).
«Россия» — скорый фирменный поезд № 002М/001М сообщением Владивосток — Москва — Владивосток
«Россия» — автомобильная дорога федерального значения Москва — Тверь — Великий Новгород — Санкт-Петербург (М10, E 105; см. также: Ленинградское шоссе).
«Россия» — броненосный крейсер российского императорского и советского флотов.
СМИ[править | править вики-текст]
«Россия» — ежедневная газета, выходившая в 1899—1902 годах в Петербурге; редактор Г. Сазонов.
«Россия» — ежедневная газета, выходила в 1905-1914 годах в Петербурге. Сначала издавалась как частная газета, но с 1906 г. по инициативе П.Столыпина, формально сохраняя прежний статус, стала правительственным официозом; редакторы С.Н. Сыромятников и И.Я. Гурлянд – чиновник министерства внутренних дел.
«Россия», «Новая Россия» — общественно-политический и литературно-художественный журнал. Выходил с перерывами с марта 1922 по март 1926 в Петрограде, в Москве
«Россия» — газета, выходившая в 1918—1919 годах в разных городах южной части России, первоначально как орган Добровольческой армии; редактировал В. В. Шульгин.
Телевизионные каналы[править | править вики-текст]
«Россия» — старое название телеканала «Россия-1» в период с 1 сентября 2002 по 31 декабря 2009 года.
«Россия-2» — бывший общероссийский спортивно-познавательно-развлекательный телеканал.
«Россия-24» — общероссийский информационный телеканал.
«Россия К» — общероссийский телеканал «Культура».
«VH1 Россия» — бывший музыкально-развлекательный телеканал.
Другое[править | править вики-текст]
«Россия. Полное географическое описание нашего отечества» — первый в России систематический иллюстрированный географический справочник, изданный в 1899—1914 гг. под общим руководством П. П. Семенова-Тян-Шанского.
Россия — депутатская группа в Государственной думе первого созыва.
(232) Россия — малая планета (232 Russia).
«Россия» — песня Игоря Талькова.
Россия — персонаж аниме «Axis Powers Hetalia».
«Россия», «Россия на всех диапазонах» — дипломы Союза радиолюбителей России.
См. также[править | править вики-текст]
П: Портал «Россия»
wikt: Россия в Викисловаре?
q: Россия в Викицитатнике?
s: Россия в Викитеке?
commons: Россия на Викискладе?
m: Россия в Мета-вики?
n: Россия в Викиновостях?
Викисклад: атлас России
Конституция России
«Россия в 1839 году» — путевые записки маркиза Астольфа де Кюстина, изданные в 1843 году.
Россия молодая (значения)
Молодая Россия (значения)
«Россия на рубеже тысячелетий» — серия памятных монет.
«Радио России» — общероссийская государственная радиостанция.
«Единая Россия» — бронепоезд в Добровольческой армии.
Новая Россия (значения)
Российский (значения)
Российская (значения)
РФ (значения)
Rossia — род животных.
Политические организации

«Великая Россия» — незарегистрированная ультраправая партия.
«Другая Россия» — коалиция оппозиционных сил (2006—2010).
«Другая Россия» — незарегистрированная левая партия.
«Единая Россия» — центристская консервативная партия начала XXI века.
«Либеральная Россия» — либеральная партия первой половины 2000-х годов.
«Справедливая Россия» — левоцентристская социал-демократическая партия.
«Трудовая Россия» — партия коммунистической ориентации.

Labradoodle
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Labradoodle, jolla on villakoiratyyppinen tiivis kihara turkki.

Labradoodle, jolla on suorahko karkea turkki.
Labradoodle, puhekielessä myös labraduudeli, on labradorinnoutajan ja villakoiran risteytys, jota alettiin kehitettää 1980-luvulla Australiassa. Labradoodleja on kolmea kokomuunnosta: suur-, keskikokoinen ja kääpiölabradoodle. Eräät kasvattajat kutsuvat kääpiölabradoodlen pienimpiä yksilöitä toylabradoodleiksi. Tämä nimitys ei ole kuitenkaan yleisesti käytössä. Labradoodlejalostuksen alkuperäisenä tavoitteena oli kehittää allergikoille soveltuva avustajakoira.

Sisällysluettelo [piilota]
1 Ominaisuudet
1.1 Turkki
1.2 ALA:n rotumääritelmä
2 Rotustatus
2.1 ALA
3 Lähteet
4 Aiheesta muualla
Ominaisuudet[muokkaa | muokkaa wikitekstiä]
Varsin uutena jalostusprojektina labradoodlen tyyppi ei ole yleisellä tasolla vakiintunut. Tavoitteena on kiltti, rauhallinen ja lapsiystävällinen koira, jossa yhdistyy villakoiran älykkyys ja labradorinnoutajan uskollisuus, ja jolla on villakoiran tavoin irtoamaton (eli jatkuvasti kasvava) alusvillaton karvapeite. Kantaroduille yhteiset piirteet – ystävällinen luonne, helppo koulutettavuus sekä nouto- ja uintitaipumus – ovat tyypillisiä myös labradoodleille. Etenkin uusissa ensimmäisen ja toisenkin polven risteytyksissä jalostustulokset ovat kuitenkin arvaamattomia: esimerkiksi syntyvien pentujen luonnetta ja turkin laatua ei voi ennustaa lainkaan. Samaankin pentueeseen voi syntyä hyvin erilaatuisia yksilöitä.

Värityksistä esiintyy kaikkia niitä, mitä kantaroduissakin: etenkin mustaa, maksanväristä, valkoista sekä aprikoosia eli keltaista. Harvinaisempia ovat villakoiran vähemmän yleiset väritykset harmaa ja punainen sekä virheellisinä pidetyt merkkivärinen ja valkokirjava.

Turkki[muokkaa | muokkaa wikitekstiä]
Labradoodlea mainostetaan hyvänä vaihtoehtona allergiasta kärsiville, sillä sen turkista ei irtoa juuri lainkaan karvoja. Todellisuudessa labradoodle ei ole homogeeninen turkin laadun suhteen ja monilla yksilöillä on tavanomainen kaksi kertaa vuodessa vaihtuva ja muina aikoina hiljaksiin variseva karvapeite. Myös kaikenlaisia välimuotoja esiintyy. Koira-allergia johtuu yliherkkyydestä jollekin koiran kehon proteiinille, joita irtoaa karvan lisäksi muun muassa ihon hilseestä ja syljestä. Irtoamatonkaan karvapeite ei siis takaa hypoallergeenisuutta, vaikkakin se helpottaa allergeenien leviämisen hallitsemista: yksinkertainen jatkuvakasvuinen karvapeite voidaan ajella lyhyeksi turkin laadun siitä kärsimättä toisin kuin kaksinkertainen karvapeite; lyhyenä se on myös varsin vaivaton pestä, mikä vähentää turkissa olevien koiraperäisten ja muiden allergeenien määrää.

ALA:n rotumääritelmä[muokkaa | muokkaa wikitekstiä]
Australian Labradoodle Associationin alaisten labradoodlejen rotumääritelmä:[1]

Yleisvaikutelman tulee olla atleettinen ja elegantti koira. Rakenteen ja luuston tulee olla tavanomaisen tukeva, ei liian raskas tai kömpelö eikä liian siro. Rodun tärkeä ominaispiirre on helppohoitoinen ja irtoamaton karvapeite. Luonne on hyvin älykäs, sosiaalinen, iloinen, käsiteltäessä rauhallinen ja vapaana energinen. Koiran tulisi lähestyä ihmistä iloisesti ja ystävällisesti ja olla innokas ja helppo koulutettava. Toivotaan kykyä vaistota perheenjäsenen tai käsittelijän mielenliikkeitä ja tarpeita.

Kokomuunnoksia on kolme. Suurlabradoodle on 53–63 cm korkea (ei yli 63,5 cm) ja painaa 23–30 kg. Keskikokoinen labradoodle on 43–52 cm korkea (ei 53,3 cm) ja painaa 13–20 kg. Kääpiölabradoodle on 35–42 cm korkea (ei yli 43,2 cm) ja painaa 7–13 kg. Kokomuunnosten väliset paritukset sallitaan toistaiseksi.

Rungon tulee olla tiivis ja yhtä pitkä kuin koira on korkea sään kohdalta. Rinnan tulee olla syvä ja tarpeeksi leveä. Mahalinjan tulee olla nouseva, lanteiden on oltava voimakastekoiset ja lihaksikkaat.

Pää on kohtuullisen leveä selkein kulmaharjantein, kuiva, ja kooltaan hyvässä suhteessa runkoon. Kuonopenger on kohtuullinen, silmät asettuvat tarpeeksi kauas toisistaan. Kuono-osa on kalloa lyhyempi. Silmät ovat suuret ja ilmeikkäät, muodoltaan hieman pyöreät. Korvat asettuvat hieman silmän tasoa korkeammalle ja laskeutuvat päänmyötäisesti. Korvalehti on paksuudeltaan keskinkertainen eikä niin pitkä, että ulottuu huulen alemman tason alapuolelle. Ei toivota runsasta karvankasvua korvakäytävässä. Purennan on oltava leikkaava. Ylähampaiden on tultava aavistuksen alahampaiden eteen. Yli- tai alipurenta on vakava virhe. Ahdas hampaisto on virhe kääpiöillä. Kirsu on kookas, kulmikas, ei laiha.

Lavat ja olkavarret ovat yhtä pitkät, olkanivelet hyvin asettuneet. Kyynärät lähellä runkoa. Etujalat ovat edestä katsottuna suora-asentoiset; haja- tai suppuvarpaisuus ovat virheitä. Lanne on sivulta nähtynä lähes tasainen, mutta saa olla hieman kalteva. Takapolvien kulmaus kohtuullinen, etenevää liikettä tukeva. Takajalat ovat lihaksikkaat. Kintereen ja nilkan välin tulee olla voimakas, lyhyt, ja asettua pystysuoraan. Takajalkojen tulee olla takaa nähtynä suora-asentoiset. Pihtikinttuisuutta ei hyväksytä. Käpälät ovat keskikokoiset ja pyöreät hyvin kaartuvin varpain ja joustavin paksuin anturoin. Asentojen tulee olla suorat. Hännän tulisi asettua selkälinjan jatkoksi levossa ja liikkeessä. Pysty asento sallitaan, mutta hännän ei tulisi kaartua täysin selän päälle. Hännänpää ei saa koskettaa selkää tai kääntyä häntää kohden.

Ravi on aikuisilla koirilla vaivatonta, sulavaa ja voimakasta. Askeleen tulee olla edestä hyvin ulottava ja takaa hyvin työntävä. Normaalit vapaat liikkeet ja kepeä askellus ovat oleelliset.

Irtoamaton ja helppohoitoinen turkki on rodun ominaispiirre. Karvapeite saa olla pituudeltaan mikä tahansa, mutta alle 10,2 cm (neljän tuuman) pituus on toivottava. Pituuden tulee olla sama kauttaaltaan. Karvapeitteen tulee olla yksinkertainen, ei liian paksu tai tuuhea eikä pöyheä tai pörröinen. Laatu voi olla suora, laineikas tai kihara. Hyvin karkea karva on erittäin epätoivottua. Pienikin määrä alusvillaa on vakava virhe. Koiraa ei tule esittää liian trimmatun oloisena. Auringonvalon haalistama väritys hyväksytään.

Fleece-laatuinen turkki on pehmeää ja suoraa tai löyhästi kiharaa. Wool-laatuinen turkki muistuttaa karitsan villaa. Sen tulisi olla löyhästi kiertyvää, helposti avattavaa kiharaa. Wool-turkin ei tule vaikuttaa paksulta ja tuuhealta tai tiukkakiharaiselta.

Värityksistä sallitaan kaikki tasaväriset sekä valkokirjava, merkkivärinen, soopeli, brindle (juovikas) sekä näiden yhdistelmät. Kirjavissa erotetaan tyypit parti jolla valkoista noin puolet, sekä abstract jolla valkoista vähemmän.

Virheitä ovat muiden muassa kaikenasteinen aggressiivisuus tai hallitsevuus, pelokkuus, arkuus, räksyttäminen, liika jännittyneisyys; ulkonevat, pullistuvat tai vetistävät silmät; pitkäselkäisyys, kehräksi kiertyvä tai ”teepannun kahvan” tavoin kaartuva häntä, huono ryhti tai raskas askellus, piilokiveksisyys tai ulos pullistuva häpy, käyrä kinner, albinismityyppinen väritys. Rotumääritelmä kehottaa kiinnittämään erityistä huomiota rodun rakenteelliseen terveyteen; pienikin merkki ontumisesta johtaa hylkäykseen.

Rotustatus[muokkaa | muokkaa wikitekstiä]
Labradoodleksi on tapana nimittää mitä tahansa labradorinnoutajasta ja villakoirasta polveutuvaa roturisteytystä. Satunnaisista designer-risteytyksistä voidaan erottaa suunnitelmallinen kasvatus, jonka lopullisena tavoitteena on kehittää molemmista kantaroduistaan eroava, niiden ominaisuuksia yhdistävä, tyypiltään ja ominaisuuksiltaan vakiintunut koirarotu. Toistaiseksi labradoodlen jalostus on ollut täysin avointa, eli mikään huomattava kasvatusyhdistys ei ole sulkenut rekisteriään ensimmäisen polven risteytyksiltä tai yhdistelmiltä kantarotujen puhdasrotuisten yksilöiden kanssa.

Labradoodle ei ole kansainvälisen kennelliiton FCI:n tunnustama rotu, ja labradoodlet ovat FCI-maissa virallisesti monirotuisia eli risteytyksiä eli sekarotuisia. Labradoodleilla on kuitenkin joissain maissa omia kannatusyhdistyksiään, jotka organisoivat kasvatustoimintaa.

ALA[muokkaa | muokkaa wikitekstiä]
Eräs tunnetuimmista labradoodle-yhdistyksistä on Australian Labradoodle Association (ALA), jonka jalostusohjelmassa käytetään alkuperäisten kahden rodun lisäksi myös neljää muuta rotua (irlanninvesispanieli, kiharakarvainennoutaja, cockerspanieli ja amerikancockerspanieli). ALA julkisti rotumääritelmän vuonna 1997 ja julisti alaisensa koirat roduksi vuonna 2004.

ALA käyttää luokittelujärjestelmää erottamaan rotutausta- ja turkinlaatuvaatimukset täyttävät pitkän polven risteytysjälkeläiset muun muassa vastaavan polven jälkeläisistä, jotka eivät täytä vaatimuksia, lyhyemmän polven jälkeläisistä sekä uusista kantaroturisteytyksistä. ALF-luokka (Australian Labradoodle Foundation) tarkoittaa yksilöä, jonka suvussa on kaikkia kolmea vaadittua kantarotua (labradorinnoutaja, villakoira ja jompikumpi cockerspanieli), ja jonka karvapeite on fleece- tai wool-tyyppiä. AL-luokka (puhdasrotuinen) tarkoittaa yksilöä, jonka suvussa on vähintään kolmessa polvessa pelkkiä ALF-luokan koiria, eli viimeisimmät kantarodun puhdasrotuiset esi-isät ovat aikaisintaan isoisoisovanhempien polvessa. Lisäksi AL-luokkaan hyväksymistä varten koiralla tulee olla oikeanlainen karvapeitteen laatu, ei rotumääritelmässä mainittuja hylkääviä virheitä, ja se tulee todeta arvioinnissa hyväksyttäväksi rotunsa edustajaksi.