The Chinese call the US differently compared to the continent, "Zhou" 州 refers to the continent, "Guo" 国 to the country, same thing applies for the inhabitants of the country or the continent, you just have to add the particle "ren" 人 to refer to the people: 美国人: Americans (of the country), 美洲人:Americans (of the Continent) hence no mistake. And as far as I know the Chinese are alone 1,4 billion, and many languages copied the Chinese way to define and conceive things (the Japanese, sometimes and previously the Koreans and the Vietnamese also use the Chinese characters, and hence they certainly differentiate them exactly as the Chinese do).
Still seems to me like Chinese is not applicable to what you are saying. From what you tell me, it is like writing in English "America (country)" and "America (landweight)", except the parentheses are necessary. In truth, you can say that in China, it is said as "America", too, since 国 must goes at the end of all countries (right me if I'm wrong), 美 means America. Also, Vietnamese does not really use Chinese characters, anymore, and Japanese rarely for exonyms.
As for Spanish, as it seems you do not know it yet, it is a language spoken in several countries nowadays so this does not only include 'few Europeans', the Portuguese speakers and perhaps the Italian speakers call and differentiate them the same way.
EEUU =/= America, Estados-unidenses =/= Americanos
Well, obviously, most important thing is how it is said in English - not Spanish or French or any other tongue. Since this thread is English and most everything said on it is English. But just for fun:
English: America = USA
Chinese: N/A
Spanish: America =/ EUA
Japanese: アメリカ = アメリカ合衆国
Russian: Америка = США
German: Amerika = VSA
Portuguese: América =/ EUA
French: Amérique =/ EUA
Malay: Amerika =/ AS
Turkish: Amerika = ABD
Polish: Ameryka = SZA
Dutch: Amerika =/ VSA